Microscopic Endodontics
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	Surgical Operating Microscope (SOM) Overview Article by Dr. Yosef Nahmias The success of endodontics relies on the localization of the entire root canal system and its subsequent cleaning, shaping, and three-dimensional obturation. Several magnification systems have been advocated over the years. The most convenient and popular have been loupes with varying degrees of magnification. However, the introduction of the surgical operating microscope (SOM) to endodontics has dramatically changed the practice of the specialty. In endodontics, the introduction of the SOM is relatively new concept that is revolutionizing the way procedures are performed.
		The SOM with video camera attached. The degree of magnification depends upon the combination of lenses that are utilized. Most microscopes come with three to fives steps of magnification ranging from 3x to 27x. The light source is usually 100 to 150 watt halogen bulb that is connected to the microscope via a high efficiency fiber optic cable.
	Many other options may be added to the microscope such as an assistant's viewing eyepiece, video, and 35mm cameras. These options provide a very powerful tool that can be used for teaching, patient education, and medical legal purposes.
		Loupes were utilized prior to the introduction of the microscope as the means of magnification.

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